个体化假体复合组织工程技术修复兔下颌骨缺损

目的研究快速成型（RP）技术辅助下制作的个体化假体复合珊瑚羟基磷灰石（CHA）、重组人骨形成蛋白2（rhBMP-2）修复兔下颌骨缺损的成骨效果。 方法以27只新西兰大白兔为实验对象，随机数字表法平均分成3组（每组9只），全部建立下颌骨连续性缺损模型，并在兔下颌骨缺损区分别植入个体化假体+自体骨（A组）、个体化假体+CHA（B组）、个体化假体+CHA+rhBMP-2（C组）。分别于术后4、12、24周3个时间点处死动物取材，进行大体标本观察，以及骨钙素（OC）、Ⅰ型胶原（COL-1）的免疫组化观察，分别比较各组修复骨缺损的能力，并对实验数据进行重复测量设计资料的单因素方差分析。 结果术后24周各组实验兔外形均对称，通过OC及COL-1的吸光度检测，骨缺损区均有大量新骨形成，A组（0.537 ± 0.010）、C组（0.530 ± 0.010）可见大量骨小梁及编织骨结构，缺损区的新骨OC、COL-1的免疫组化观察基本一致，差异无统计学意义（t = 0.007，P>0.05）；但A组强于B组（0.415 ± 0.009，t = 0.122，P<0.001）；C组也强于B组（t = 0.121，P<0.001），差异均有统计学意义。 结论在兔下颌骨缺损修复中，通过RP技术和组织工程技术相结合，CHA复合rhBMP-2后成骨能力明显增强，成骨效能肯定，为后期的临床应用提供可靠的实验基础。     

Comparison of survival rate and crestal bone loss of narrow diameter dental implants versus regular dental implants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

The aim of the present study was to establish survival rates, as well as crestal bone loss (CBL) of narrow diameter implants (NDI), compared to regular diameter implants (RDI). The current review followed the Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research guidelines and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement. We searched main databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register) for articles addressing the focused question up to and including May 2018. Meta‐analyses were conducted for CBL and survival rates. Qualitatively, three clinical studies showed comparable CBL and survival rates between NDI and RDI at follow up. Only one study showed increased CBL around NDI compared to RDI. The overall weighted mean difference (WMD) for CBL (WMD = .06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = ‐.38‐.51, P=.76) and risk difference for survival rate (risk difference = .88, 95% CI = .22‐3.50, P=.85) were not significant between the NDI and RDI groups at follow up. NDI and RDI showed comparable CBL and survival rates. However, the findings of the present study should be interpreted with caution due to significant heterogeneity and the low number of included studies. Further randomized, controlled trials should be performed in order to obtain strong conclusions.     

生髓健骨胶囊对酒精性骨质疏松大鼠骨密度、骨矿含量影响的研究

目的从基因分子水平探讨酒精性骨质疏松(alcoholic osteoporosis,AOP)大鼠的发病机制,观察生髓健骨胶囊对AOP大鼠骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、骨矿含量(bone mineral content,BMC)表达的影响,探讨生髓健骨胶囊对AOP大鼠模型的中药防治作用机理。方法选取成年雄性(清洁级)SD大鼠120只,称体重,随机分为4组,每组各30只,用白酒灌胃法造模,同时分别给予生理盐水、碳酸钙阿法D3、生髓健骨胶囊灌胃给药。于造模8、12、16周末取材,检测股骨上端BMD、BMC指标。结果检测造模干预8、12、16周后BMD、BMC指标变化,模型组BMD、BMC与正常组比较明显降低,且差异有统计学意义(P0.01),结果表明饮酒大鼠确实存在骨量减少,BMD、BMC降低;中药干预组BMD、BMC与模型组相比显著升高(P0.01);中药干预组BMD、BMC与西药对照组相比,明显升高(P0.05)。结论通过观察生髓健骨胶囊对AOP大鼠的实验指标,证明了生髓健骨胶囊能够提高AOP大鼠骨密度,增加骨矿含量,抑制矿物质丢失,改善大鼠的骨代谢。     

Low bone mineral density in ambulatory persons with cerebral palsy? A systematic review

Purpose: Non-ambulatory persons with cerebral palsy are prone to low bone mineral density. In ambulatory persons with cerebral palsy, bone mineral density deficits are expected to be small or absent, but a consensus conclusion is lacking. In this systematic review bone mineral density in ambulatory persons with cerebral palsy (Gross Motor Function Classification Scales I–III) was studied.

Materials and methods: Medline, Embase, and Web of Science were searched. According to international guidelines, low bone mineral density was defined as Z-score?≤??2.0. In addition, we focused on Z-score?≤??1.0 because this may indicate a tendency towards low bone mineral density.

Results: We included 16 studies, comprising 465 patients aged 1–65?years. Moderate and conflicting evidence for low bone mineral density (Z-score?≤??2.0) was found for several body parts (total proximal femur, total body, distal femur, lumbar spine) in children with Gross Motor Function Classification Scales II and III. We found no evidence for low bone mineral density in children with Gross Motor Function Classification Scale I or adults, although there was a tendency towards low bone mineral density (Z-score?≤??1.0) for several body parts.

Conclusions: Although more high-quality research is needed, results indicate that deficits in bone mineral density are not restricted to non-ambulatory people with cerebral palsy.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Although more high-quality research is needed, including adults and fracture risk assessment, the current study indicates that deficits in bone mineral density are not restricted to non-ambulatory people with CP.

• Health care professionals should be aware that optimal nutrition, supplements on indication, and an active lifestyle, preferably with weight-bearing activities, are important in ambulatory people with CP, also from a bone quality point-of-view.

• If indicated, medication and fall prevention training should be prescribed.